Частное право3033-67243033-672410.24412/3033-6724-2026-1-109-115OtherИнфекции, передающиеся через слюну: предотвращение распространения в стоматологической практикеSaliva-borne infections: preventing the spread in dental practiceАнисимоваТатьяна АнатольевнаAnisimovaTatyana Anatolyevnavictoria_tk@bk.ruТокмалаеваВиктория ВладимировнаTokmalaevaVictoria Vladimirovnavictoria_tk@bk.ruФедотоваЕкатерина АлексеевнаFedotovaEkaterina Alekseyevnakatekotenok1704@mail.ruCandidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvashia State University, Cheboksary, Russiaкандидат педагогических наук, доцент, ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н.Ульянова», Чебоксары, РоссияMedical Student, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvashia State University, Cheboksary, Russiaстудентка медицинского факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н. Ульянова», Чебоксары, РоссияMedical Student, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvashia State University, Cheboksary, Russiaстудентка медицинского факультета, ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет имени И.Н.Ульянова», Чебоксары, Россия0204202611091152102202625032026

В статье рассматриваются основные патогенные агенты и пути их передачи в стоматологии, а также механизмы контроля инфекций. Обсуждаются различные вирусы (SARS-CoV-2, гепатиты B и C, ВИЧ, грипп, RSV) и бактерии (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila), которые могут передаваться через аэрозоли, кровь, слюну и другие контактные поверхности. Особое внимание уделяется рискам, связанным с процедурами в стоматологической практике, и мерам предосторожности для их минимизации. Статья подчеркивает важность систематического применения мер инфекционного контроля для снижения риска передачи болезней в стоматологии. Особое внимание уделяется обучению персонала, соблюдению протоколов и формированию культуры инфекционного контроля, что является ключевым фактором для успешной борьбы с инфекциями в стоматологической практике.

This article examines the main pathogens and their transmission routes in dentistry, as well as infection control mechanisms. It discusses various viruses (SARS-CoV-2, hepatitis B and C, HIV, influenza, RSV) and bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Legionella pneumophila) that can be transmitted through aerosols, blood, saliva, and other contact surfaces. Particular attention is given to the risks associated with dental procedures and precautions to minimize them. The article emphasizes the importance of systematically implementing infection control measures to reduce the risk of disease transmission in dentistry. Particular attention is paid to staff training, adherence to protocols, and the development of an infection control culture, which is key to successfully combating infections in dental practice.

гигиена руксредства индивидуальной защитыаэрозолистерилизациядезинфекцияскринингиммунизациятуберкулёзгепатитВИЧCOVID-19hand hygienepersonal protective equipmentaerosolssterilizationdisinfectionscreeningimmunizationtuberculosishepatitisHIVCOVID-19Araujo M.W., Andreana S. Risk and prevention of transmission of infectious diseases in dentistry // Quintessence International. 2002. Vol. 33, № 5. P. 376–382.Cleveland J.L., Gray S.K., Harte J.A. et al. Transmission of bloodborne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update // Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016. Vol. 147, № 9. P. 729–738.Harrel S.K., Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infectioncontrol implications // Journal of the American Dental Association. 2004. Vol. 135, № 4. P. 429–437.Atukorala D.S., Ranasinghe R.K. Oral mucosa, saliva and COVID-19 infection in oral care // Frontiers in Medicine. 2021. Vol. 8. Art. № 656926. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656926. URL: https://www. frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/ fmed.2021.656926/full (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Efficacy of preprocedural mouthwashes in reducing aerosol generation during dental procedures // Frontiers in Medicine. 2021. Vol. 8. Art. № 600769. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600769. URL: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/ articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.600769/full (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Pre-operative chlorhexidine use to reduce bacteraemia following tooth extractions: a comparative study // Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2015. Vol. 10, № 2. P. 182–188.Xu R., Cui Z., Xu J. et al. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV // International Journal of Oral Science. 2020. Vol. 12. Art. № 8. DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41368-020- 0080-z (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Al-Wali A., Al-Wali M. et al. Crosscontamination in oral healthcare: a potential threat to public health // Open Journal of Stomatology. 2025. Vol. 13, № 1. P. 1–15.Guideline summary: prevention of infections in dental practices. KNMT. Руководство. URL: https://knmt.nl/sites/default/files/platform/summary_ recommendations_guideline_prevention_infections_ dentalpractices.pdf (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Prevent infections in dental offices. 2023. Веб-статья. URL: https://magazine.zhermack.com/ en/hygiene-en/prevent-infections-in-dental-offices/ (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Biofilm growth and microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: a systematic review // PubMed Central. 2023. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/36689938/ DOI: 10.1159/000528513 (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Dental unit waterline biofilm removal: infection control guide. 2025. Руководство. URL: https://www.fsroson.com/biofilm-dental-waterlinessolutions / (дата обращения: 04.01.2026).Araujo M.W., Andreana S. Risk and prevention of transmission of infectious diseases in dentistry // Quintessence International. 2002. Vol. 33, No. 5. P. 376–382.Cleveland J.L., Gray S.K., Harte J.A. et al. Transmission of bloodborne pathogens in US dental health care settings: 2016 update // Journal of the American Dental Association. 2016. Vol. 147, No. 9. P. 729–738.Harrel S.K., Molinari J. Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: a brief review of the literature and infectioncontrol implications // Journal of the American Dental Association. 2004. Vol. 135, No. 4. P. 429–437.Atukorala D.S., Ranasinghe R.K. Oral mucosa, saliva and COVID-19 infection in oral care // Frontiers in Medicine. 2021. Vol. 8. Art. No. 656926. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656926. URL: https://www. frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/ fmed.2021.656926/full (access date: 01/04/2026).Efficacy of preprocedural mouthwashes in reducing aerosol generation during dental procedures // Frontiers in Medicine. 2021. Vol. 8. Art. No. 600769. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.600769. URL: https://www. frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/ fmed.2021.600769/full (access date: 01/04/2026).Pre-operative chlorhexidine use to reduce bacteraemia following tooth extractions: a comparative study // Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2015. Vol. 10, No. 2. P. 182–188.Xu R., Cui Z., Xu J. et al. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV // International Journal of Oral Science. 2020. Vol. 12. Art. No. 8. DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z. URL: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41368-020- 0080-z (access date: 01/04/2026).Al-Wali A., Al-Wali M. et al. Crosscontamination in oral healthcare: a potential threat to public health // Open Journal of Dentistry. 2025. Vol. 13, No. 1. P. 1–15.Guideline summary: prevention of infections in dental practices. KNMT. Management. URL: https://knmt.nl/sites/default/files/platform/summary_ recommendations_guideline_prevention_infections_ dentalpractices.pdf (accessed: 04.01.2026).Prevent infections in dental offices. 2023. Web article. URL: https://magazine.zhermack.com/ en/hygiene-en/prevent-infections-in-dental-offices/ (accessed: 04.01.2026).Biofilm growth and microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: a systematic review // PubMed Central. 2023. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/36689938/ DOI: 10.1159/000528513 (accessed: 04.01.2026).Dental unit waterline biofilm removal: infection control guide. 2025. Guide. URL: https://www. fsroson.com/biofilm-dental-waterlines-solutions/ (accessed: 04.01.2026).